References.

Utilities.

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Lindsay, R., & Dahlman, L. (2021). Climate Change: Global Temperature. NOAA Climate.Gov. Retrieved April 19 2022, from https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature

Hickel, J. (2020b). Quantifying national responsibility for climate breakdown: an equality-based attribution approach for carbon dioxide emissions in excess of the planetary boundary. The Lancet Planetary Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30196-0

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Schlossberg, T. (2016, May 10). Just How Much Power Do Your Electronics Use When They Are ‘Off’? The New York Times. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/08/science/just-how-much-power-do-your-electronics-use-when-they-are-off.html

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U.S. EPA. Energy Information Administration. (2022, June 14). Use of energy in homes. EIA. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/homes.php

Bailey, A. (n.d.). Breaking Down the Typical Utility Bill. Energy Star. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.energystar.gov/products/ask-the-expert/breaking-down-the-typical-utility-bill

Palmer, B. (2022, May 2). Energy Vampires: Keep Your Devices from Wasting Energy and Money. National Resource Defense Council. Retrieved July 1, 2022, from https://www.nrdc.org/stories/keep-your-devices-wasting-energy-and-money

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U.S. EPA. Department of Energy. (2011, February 25). EERE Energy Savers: Fireplaces. Retrieved July 1, 2022, from https://www.energy.gov/gc/downloads/energy-savers-fireplaces

U.S. EPA. (2022, May 24). How We Use Water. US EPA. Retrieved July 1, 2022, from https://www.epa.gov/watersense/how-we-use-water

Clift, J., & Cuthbert, A. (2007). Water: Use Less-Save More: 100 Water-Saving Tips for the Home (Chelsea Green Guides). Chelsea Green Publishing.

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U.S. EPA. (2022a, May 23). Bathroom Faucets. US EPA. Retrieved July 1, 2022, from https://www.epa.gov/watersense/bathroom-faucets

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Subramanian, C. (2014, October 13). It May Sound Like a Potty Humor, But This Campaign to Conserve Water is Serious Business. NationSwell. Retrieved 2022, from https://nationswell.com/news/drop-a-brick-campaign-reduces-water-usage-with-each-flush/

Postman, A. (2016, January 5). 9 Tricks That Save Tons of Water. National Resource Defense Council. Retrieved May 2022, from https://www.nrdc.org/stories/9-tricks-save-tons-water

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Chan, A. (2015, July 12). Conserving water at the car wash. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/tn-dpt-me-0712-carwash-20150711-story.html

U.S. EPA. Department of Energy. (n.d.). Water Heating. Energy.Gov. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating

Scientific American. (2012, September 14). Use It and Lose It: The Outsize Effect of U.S. Consumption on the Environment. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/american-consumption-habits/

U.S. EPA. (2022, April 21). Basic Information about Landfill Gas. EPA. Retrieved May 2022, from https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gas

Levitan, D. (2013, August 8). Recycling’s ‘Final Frontier’: The Composting of Food Waste. Yale Environment 360. Published at the Yale School of the Environment. https://e360.yale.edu/features/recyclings_final_frontier_the_composting_of_food_waste

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Cleaning.

U.S. EPA. (2022b, March 28). Technical Overview of Volatile Organic Compounds. U.S. EPA. Retrieved May 24, 2022, from https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/technical-overview-volatile-organic-compounds

Environmental Protection Department. (2021, November 23). Volatile Organic Compounds and Smog. Environmental Protection Department. The Government of Hong Kong. Special Administrative Region. Retrieved May 23, 2022, from https://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/air/prob_solutions/vocs_smog.html

Coggon, M. M., Gkatzelis, G. I., McDonald, B. C., Gilman, J. B., Schwantes, R. H., Abuhassan, N., Aikin, K. C., Arend, M. F., Berkoff, T. A., Brown, S. S., Campos, T. L., Dickerson, R. R., Gronoff, G., Hurley, J. F., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Koss, A. R., Li, M., McKeen, S. A., Moshary, F., . . . Warneke, C. (2021). Volatile chemical product emissions enhance ozone and modulate urban chemistry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(32). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026653118

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Steinemann, A. C. (2009). Fragranced consumer products and undisclosed ingredients. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 29(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2008.05.002

Nematollahi, N., Doronila, A., Mornane, P. J., Duan, A., Kolev, S. D., & Steinemann, A. (2018). Volatile chemical emissions from fragranced baby products. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 11(7), 785–790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-018-0593-1

ECOS. (2021, August 3). Detox Your Home: 5 common toxins found in dish soaps. Retrieved September 2022, from https://www.ecos.com/newsroom/detox-your-home-5-common-toxins-found-in-dish-soaps-2/

National Resource Defense Council, Vinyard, S., & Skene, J. (2020, June). The Issue with Tissue 2.0: How the Tree-To-Toilet Pipeline Fuels our Climate Crisis (No. 20–05-A). https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/issue-with-tissue-2-report.pdf

Pinsker, J. (2018, December 10). Americans Are Weirdly Obsessed With Paper Towels. The Atlantic. Retrieved July 1, 2022, from https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/12/paper-towels-us-use-consume/577672/

Thompson, H. (2015, June 1). The Case for Washing Clothes in Cold Water. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/case-washing-clothes-cold-water-180955459/

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Hughes, K. A. (2007, April 12). To Fight Global Warming, Some Hang a Clothesline. The New York Times. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/12/garden/12clothesline.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Drycleaning | NIOSH. CDC. Retrieved December 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/dryclean/default.html

Napper, I. E., & Thompson, R. C. (2016). Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic washing machines: Effects of fabric type and washing conditions. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 112(1–2), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.025

Siegle, L. (2017, May 7). The eco guide to laundry. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/may/07/the-eco-guide-to-laundry

de Falco, F., Cocca, M., Avella, M., & Thompson, R. C. (2020). Microfiber Release to Water, Via Laundering, and to Air, via Everyday Use: A Comparison between Polyester Clothing with Differing Textile Parameters. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(6), 3288–3296. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06892

Crawford, T. (2021, September 15). Washing clothes in cold water can reduce microplastics entering water by up to 50 per cent: Metro Vancouver. Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 2022, from https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/washing-clothes-in-cold-water-can-reduce-microplastics-entering-water-by-up-to-50-per-cent-metro-vancouver

The UN Alliance for Sustainable Fashion. (2022, April 4). Home. Retrieved July 2022, from https://unfashionalliance.org/

Erdle, L. M., Nouri Parto, D., Sweetnam, D., & Rochman, C. M. (2021). Washing Machine Filters Reduce Microfiber Emissions: Evidence From a Community-Scale Pilot in Parry Sound, Ontario. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.777865

World Wildlife Fund. (n.d.). 8 things to know about palm oil. WWF. Retrieved February 8, 2021, from https://www.wwf.org.uk/updates/8-things-know-about-palm-oil 

Baron, V., Rival, A., & Marichal, R. (2017, June 8). No, palm oil is not responsible for 40% of global deforestation. The Conversation. Retrieved February 2021, from https://theconversation.com/no-palm-oil-is-not-responsible-for-40-of-global-deforestation-78482

Meijaard, E., Garcia-Ulloa, J., Sheil, D., Wich, S. A., Carlson, K. M., Juffe-Bignoli, D., & Brooks, T. M. (2018). Oil palm and biodiversity A situation analysis by the IUCN Oil Palm Task Force (xiii + 116pp). International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.11.en

Spaces: Interiors + Exteriors.

Gray, A. (2020, February 12). What You Need to Know About Off-Gassing. Architectural Digest. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/what-is-off-gassing

U.S. EPA. (2021b, December 21). Durable Goods: Product-Specific Data. EPA. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/durable-goods-product-specific-data#FurnitureandFurnishings

U.S. Department of Agriculture, & Randall, B. (2020, June 22). The Value of Birds and Bees. Farmers.Gov. https://www.farmers.gov/blog/value-birds-and-bees

Greenpeace. (n.d.). Save the Bees. Greenpeace USA. Retrieved May 2022, from https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/sustainable-agriculture/save-the-bees/

Barber, D., & Ngu, A. (2019, June 7). Save Our Food. Free the Seed. The New York Times. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/07/opinion/sunday/dan-barber-seed-companies.html

Transportation.

U.S. EPA. (2022h, July 14). Fast Facts on Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emissions. EPA. Retrieved July 20, 2022, from https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/fast-facts-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions

U.S. Department of Energy. (2015, May). Idling Reduction for Personal Vehicles (DOE/CHO-AC-06CH11357-1502). https://afdc.energy.gov/files/u/publication/idling_personal_vehicles.pdf

World Wildlife Fund. (2017). Reducing the impact of commuting. Retrieved May 2022, from https://www.worldwildlife.org/magazine/issues/summer-2017/articles/reducing-the-impact-of-commuting

DeConcini, C. (2021, April 21). Electrifying the US School Bus Fleet: How to Put Children First in the Zero-emission Transition. World Resources Institute. Retrieved May 2022, from https://www.wri.org/insights/electrifying-us-school-bus-fleet-how-put-children-first-zero-emission-transition

Miami Herald. (2021, January 15). Miami-Dade Schools starts transition to an electric bus fleet. Miami Herald. Retrieved November 2021, from https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article248438095.html

U.S. EPA. (2022h, June 30). Electric Vehicle Myths. EPA. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/electric-vehicle-myths

Ellsmoor, J. (2022, April 14). Are Electric Vehicles Really Better For The Environment? Forbes. Retrieved January 2022, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesellsmoor/2019/05/20/are-electric-vehicles-really-better-for-the-environment/?sh=45d0895a76d2

Gold, R. (2021, March 22). Are Electric Cars Really Better for the Environment? WSJ. Retrieved January 2022, from https://www.wsj.com/graphics/are-electric-cars-really-better-for-the-environment/

Labrecque, S. (2022, May 31). Why indigenous peoples are key to ensuring EV revolution doesn’t run out of road. Reuters. Retrieved August 2022, from https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/why-indigenous-peoples-are-key-ensuring-ev-revolution-doesnt-run-out-road-2022-05-31/

Stuff.

Slow the “Stuff.”

Backman, M. (2019, May 7). You don’t need that: Average American spends almost $18,000 a year on nonessentials. USA Today. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://eu.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/05/07/americans-spend-thousands-on-nonessentials/39450207/

Wendel, S. (2019, December 19). State of Credit 2019: Rounding Out the Decade. Experian. https://www.experian.com/blogs/insights/2019/12/state-of-credit-2019/

Wiedmann, T., Lenzen, M., KeyBer, L. T., & Steinberger, J. K. (2020). Scientists’ warning on affluence. Nature Communications, 11(3107). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16941-y

Ivanova, D., Stadler, K., Steen-Olsen, K., Wood, R., Vita, G., Tukker, A., & Hertwich, E. G. (2015). Environmental Impact Assessment of Household Consumption. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 20(3), 526–536. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12371

Chancel, L. (2021, December 9). The richest 10% produce about half of greenhouse gas emissions. They should pay to fix the climate. The Guardian. Retrieved August 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/dec/07/we-cant-address-the-climate-crisis-unless-we-also-take-on-global-inequality

Shapiro, L., & Long, H. (2018, August 20). Where do you fit in the global income spectrum? Washington Post. Retrieved August 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2018/business/global-income-calculator/

U.S. EPA.. (2009, June). Sustainable Materials Management: The Road Ahead (2009–2020). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-09/documents/vision2.pdf

Gambelin, A. (2018, January 11). It’s science: Clutter can actually give you anxiety. Mother.ly. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.mother.ly/home/its-science-clutter-can-actually-give-you-anxiety/

Rosenberg, C. (2019, September 23). The Clothes You Donate Don’t Always End Up on People’s Backs. Treehugger. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.treehugger.com/clothes-you-donate-dont-always-end-peoples-backs-4863686

thredUP. (2020). 2020 Fashion Resale Market and Trend Report. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.thredup.com/resale/2020/#eco-impact

Tabuchi, H. (2016, November 8). Environmentalists Target Bankers Behind Pipeline. The New York Times. Retrieved August 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/08/business/energy-environment/environmentalists-blast-bankers-behind-dakota-pipeline.html

Gandel, S. (2022, May 29). The Texas Law That Has Banks Saying They Don’t ‘Discriminate’ Against Guns. The New York Times. Retrieved August 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/28/business/dealbook/texas-banks-gun-law.html

Green America. (n.d.). Big Banks Leaving the Private Prison Business. Retrieved August 2022, from https://www.greenamerica.org/unraveling-fashion-industry/big-banks-leaving-private-prison-business

Rainforest Action Network, Banktrack, Sierra Club, Oil Change International, Indigenous Environmental Network, & The Honor Earth. (2019, March). Banking on Climate Change: Fossil Fuel Finance Report Card 2019. http://priceofoil.org/content/uploads/2019/03/Banking-on-Climate-Change-2019-final.pdf

Reuters. (2022, February 15). Climate change: Major banks pledging net zero are pouring money into the dirtiest fossil fuel. CNN. Retrieved February 2022, from https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/15/business/energy-finance-climate-banks-coal-intl/index.html

Plastic.

Bauman, B. (2019, August 20). How plastics contribute to climate change. Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved 2021, from https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2019/08/how-plastics-contribute-to-climate-change/

Zimmermann, L., Dierkes, G., Ternes, T. A., Völker, C., & Wagner, M. (2019). Benchmarking the in Vitro Toxicity and Chemical Composition of Plastic Consumer Products. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(19), 11467–11477. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02293

Endocrine Society. (2020, December 10). Plastics, EDCs & Health: Authoritative Guide. Retrieved April 28, 2022, from https://www.endocrine.org/topics/edc/plastics-edcs-and-health#1

Plastic Oceans International. (n.d.). Plastic Pollution Facts. Retrieved 2022, from https://plasticoceans.org/the-facts/

National Geographic Society. (n.d.). A Whopping 91 Percent of Plastic Isn’t Recycled. Retrieved June 2022, from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/whopping-91-percent-plastic-isnt-recycled/

National Geographic Society. (n.d.-b). Microplastics. Retrieved April 28, 2022, from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/microplastics/

Campanale, C., Massarelli, C., Savino, I., Locaputo, V., & Uricchio, V. F. (2020). A Detailed Review Study on Potential Effects of Microplastics and Additives of Concern on Human Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 Feb (17(4): 1212). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041212

Plastic Health Coalition. (n.d.). How Plastic Affects & Threatens Human Health. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.plastichealthcoalition.org/

Torchinsky, R. (2022, April 6). For the first time, researchers find microplastics deep in the lungs of living people. NPR. Retrieved June 2022, from https://www.npr.org/2022/04/06/1091246691/microplastics-found-in-human-lungs

Endocrine Society. (2020, December 10). Plastics, EDCs & Health: Authoritative Guide. Retrieved April 28, 2022, from https://www.endocrine.org/topics/edc/plastics-edcs-and-health#1

Ragusa, A., Svelato, A., Santacroce, C., Catalano, P., Notarstefano, V., Carnevali, O., Papa, F., Rongioletti, M. C. A., Baiocco, F., Draghi, S., D’Amore, E., Rinaldo, D., Matta, M., & Giorgini, E. (2021). Plasticenta: First evidence of microplastics in human placenta. Environment International, 146, 106274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106274

Cox, K. D., Covernton, G. A., Davies, H. L., Dower, J. F., Juanes, F., & Dudas, S. E. (2019). Human Consumption of Microplastics. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(12), 7068–7074. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01517

Parker, L. (2019, June 7). The world’s plastic pollution crisis explained. National Geographic. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/plastic-pollution

Plumer, B. (2019, March 31). Plastic Bags, or Paper? Here’s What to Consider When You Hit the Grocery Store. The New York Times. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/29/climate/plastic-paper-shopping-bags.html

The World Counts. (n.d.). The World Counts. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.theworldcounts.com/challenges/planet-earth/waste/plastic-bags-used-per-year

Felton, B. R. (2021, June 17). New Study Finds PFAS in Bottled Water, as Lawmakers Call for Federal Limits. Consumer Reports. Retrieved May 26, 2022, from https://www.consumerreports.org/bottled-water/pfas-in-bottled-water-new-study-finds-a1111233122/

Postman, A. (2016b, January 5). The Truth About Tap. National Resource Defense Council (NRDC). Retrieved July 10, 2022, from https://www.nrdc.org/stories/truth-about-tap

Alderton, M. (2021, August 16). Bottled Water Is 3,500 Times More Harmful Than Tap Water. Treehugger. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.treehugger.com/study-water-bottle-consumption-bad-environment-5197597

Cox, K. D., Covernton, G. A., Davies, H. L., Dower, J. F., Juanes, F., & Dudas, S. E. (2019b). Human Consumption of Microplastics. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(12), 7068–7074. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01517

Pacific Institute. (2007). Bottled Water and Energy: A Pacific Institute Fact Sheet. https://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/bottled_water_and_energy.pdf

International Bottled Water Association. (n.d.). Bottled Water & PFAS. IBWA. Retrieved May 26, 2022, from https://bottledwater.org/bottled-water-pfas/

U.S. EPA. (2022, June 15). EPA Announces New Drinking Water Health Advisories for PFAS Chemicals, $1 Billion in Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Funding to Strengthen Health Protections [Press release]. https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-announces-new-drinking-water-health-advisories-pfas-chemicals-1-billion-bipartisan

Bottled Water Isn’t Healthier Than Tap, Report Reveals. (2006, February 23). National Geographic. Retrieved May 21, 2022, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/bottled-water-isnt-healthier-than-tap-report-reveals

Teillet, E., Urbano, C., Cordelle, S., & Schlich, P. (2010). CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND PREFERENCE OF BOTTLED AND TAP WATER. Journal of Sensory Studies, 25(3), 463–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459x.2010.00280.x

Link, K. (2020, July 17). The Water Footprint of Your Plastic Bottle. FoodPrint. Retrieved July 2022, from https://foodprint.org/blog/plastic-water-bottle/

Fox, C. C. (n.d.). Plastic Pollution. National Geographic Kids. Retrieved July 2022, from https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/plastic-pollution 

The Water Project. (n.d.). Bottle Water Expense. Retrieved July 2022, from https://thewaterproject.org/bottled-water/bottled_water_resources

Ritchie, H. (2018, September 1). Plastic Pollution. Our World in Data. Retrieved 2022, from https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution

NRDC. (2019, September 24). New Drinking Water Report: Communities of Color More Likely to Suffer Drinking Water Violations For Years [Press release]. https://www.nrdc.org/media/2019/190924

Li, D., Shi, Y., Yang, L., Xiao, L., Kehoe, D. K., Gun’ko, Y. K., Boland, J. J., & Wang, J. J. (2020). Microplastic release from the degradation of polypropylene feeding bottles during infant formula preparation. Nature Food, 1(11), 746–754. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-00171-y

Zimmermann, L., Dierkes, G., Ternes, T. A., Völker, C., & Wagner, M. (2019c). Benchmarking the in Vitro Toxicity and Chemical Composition of Plastic Consumer Products. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(19), 11467–11477. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02293

Shreeves, R. (2021, February 8). Don’t Put Kids’ Plastic Dinnerware in Dishwasher. Treehugger. Retrieved June 16, 2022, from https://www.treehugger.com/dont-put-kids-plastic-dinnerware-dishwasher-4868077

Online Overhaul.

Bird, J. (2018, July 29). What A Waste: Online Retail’s Big Packaging Problem. Forbes. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonbird1/2018/07/29/what-a-waste-online-retails-big-packaging-problem/

Schiffer, J. (2019, July 30). The unsustainable cost of free returns. Vogue Business. Retrieved May 2022, from https://www.voguebusiness.com/consumers/returns-rising-costs-retail-environmental

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Kid Clutter.

Alnassir, H. & Premium Joy. (2021, December). How Many Toys a Child Really Needs (Survey). Premium Joy. https://premiumjoy.com/blog/how-many-toys-child-need/

Dauch, C., Imwalle, M., Ocasio, B., & Metz, A. E. (2018). The influence of the number of toys in the environment on toddlers’ play. Infant Behavior and Development, 50, 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.11.005

Sanburn, J. (2015, March 12). America’s Clutter Problem. Time. Retrieved July 2022, from https://time.com/3741849/americas-clutter-problem/

Wisdom Supply Co. (n.d.). Wisdom Supply Co. | Unpainted Pencils. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.wisdomsupplyco.com/

Celebrations + Gifts.

Cho, R. (2020b, December 18). How Buying Stuff Drives Climate Change. Columbia University. Columbia Climate School. State of the Planet. Retrieved May 13, 2021, from https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2020/12/16/buying-stuff-drives-climate-change/

Wolfson, A. (2017, December 22). Americans spend $16 billion on holiday gifts that end up in the garbage. MarketWatch. Retrieved January 2022, from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/americans-spend-16-billion-on-holiday-gifts-that-end-up-in-the-garbage-2017-12-22

Rossman, S. U. T. (2017, January 3). You’re wasting money on unwanted gifts. USA TODAY. Retrieved January 2022, from https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/01/03/youre-wasting-money-unwanted-gifts/96101300/

optoro. (2020). Impact Report. Powering Resilient Retail. https://info.optoro.com/hubfs/The%20Optoro%202020%20Impact%20Report.pdf

Keshner, A. (2018, December 10). When grandparents show their love through gifts, when does it become too much? MarketWatch. Retrieved February 2022, from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/when-grandparents-show-their-love-through-gifts-whens-does-it-become-much-2018-12-10

Body.

Clothing.

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United Nations. (2019b, March 25). UN launches drive to highlight environmental cost of staying. UN News. Retrieved July 2022, from https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/03/1035161

Anderson, J. C. (2019, April 22). Are Your Jeans Creating an Eco Disaster? Marie Claire Magazine. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.marieclaire.com/fashion/a27046417/denim-water/

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Rosenberg, C. (2019b, September 23). The Clothes You Donate Don’t Always End Up on People’s Backs. Treehugger. Retrieved June 28, 2022, from https://www.treehugger.com/clothes-you-donate-dont-always-end-peoples-backs-4863686

U.S. EPA. (2022a). Textiles: Material-Specific Data. US EPA. Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/textiles-material-specific-data

Hawken, P. (2017). Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming. Penguin Books.

U.S. EPA. (2021b, December 14). Nondurable Goods: Product-Specific Data. EPA. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/nondurable-goods-product-specific-data

Cernansky, R. (2021, October 18). Why destroying products is still an “Everest of a problem” for fashion. Vogue Business. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.voguebusiness.com/sustainability/why-destroying-products-is-still-an-everest-of-a-problem-for-fashion

Baraniuk, C. (n.d.). Will fashion firms stop burning clothes? BBC Earth. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.bbcearth.com/news/will-fashion-firms-stop-burning-clothes

Close the Loop. (n.d.). End of life. Retrieved August 2022, from https://www.close-the-loop.be/en/phase/3/end-of-life

Thomas, D. (2019, August 29). The High Price of Fast Fashion. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-high-price-of-fast-fashion-11567096637

Council for Textile Recycling. (n.d.). Council for Textile Recycling. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.weardonaterecycle.org/ 

Nordstrom Trunk Club. (2018, March 12). Ever Experience Wardrobe Panic? Retrieved 2021, from https://www.trunkclub.com/press/news/new-trunk-club-survey-finds-americans-experience-wardrobe-panic-36-times-annually

thredUP. (2018). 10 Reasons Why Thrifters Do It Better. thredUp. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.thredup.com/bg/p/thredup-resale-report-2018

United Nations. (2019a, March 13). Fashion’s tiny hidden secret. United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved July 7, 2022, from https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/fashions-tiny-hidden-secret

Conca, J. (2015, December 3). Making Climate Change Fashionable - The Garment Industry Takes On Global Warming. Forbes. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2015/12/03/making-climate-change-fashionable-the-garment-industry-takes-on-global-warming/?sh=b8f131f79e41

Ro, C. (2020, March 10). Can fashion ever be sustainable? BBC. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200310-sustainable-fashion-how-to-buy-clothes-good-for-the-climate

GOTS. (n.d.). https://global-standard.org/

Physical + Mental Health.

Dorey, C. N. (2003, October). Chemical Legacy: Contamination of the Child. Greenpeace. https://wayback.archive-it.org/9650/20200516075427/http://p3-raw.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/planet-2/report/2003/10/chemical-legacy-contaminatio.pdf

Bauer, B. A. (2022, March 8). What is BPA? Should I be worried about it? Mayo Clinic. Retrieved June 17, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/bpa/faq-20058331

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.-a). Bisphenol A (BPA) Factsheet | National Biomonitoring Program. CDC. Retrieved June 17, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/BisphenolA_FactSheet.html

Flaws, J., Damdimopoulou, P., Patisaul, H. B., Gore, A., Raetzman, L., & Vandenberg, L. N. (2020, December). Plastics, EDCs & Health: A Guide For Public Interest Organizations and Policy-Makers on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals & Plastics. Endocrine Society. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://www.endocrine.org/-/media/endocrine/files/topics/edc_guide_2020_v1_6chqennew-version.pdf

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. (2022, May 31). Endocrine Disruptors. Retrieved August 1, 2022, from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm

U.S. EPA. (2022d, March 7). What is Endocrine Disruption? EPA. Retrieved August 1, 2022, from https://www.epa.gov/endocrine-disruption/what-endocrine-disruption

Endocrine Society. (2019, November 20). What You Can Do About EDCs. Retrieved August 1, 2022, from https://www.endocrine.org/topics/edc/what-you-can-do

Interlandi, J. (2017, September 29). New Warning to Consumers: Avoid These Flame Retardants. Consumer Reports. Retrieved June 13, 2022, from https://www.consumerreports.org/toxic-chemicals-substances/avoid-these-flame-retardants-cpsc-warning/

Segev, O., Kushmaro, A., & Brenner, A. (2009). Environmental Impact of Flame Retardants (Persistence and Biodegradability). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6(2), 478–491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph6020478

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2016, February 10). Formaldehyde and Your Health. ATSDR, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Retrieved June 17, 2022, from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/formaldehyde/

Nudelman, J., & Engel, C. (2019, September). Right to Know. Exposing toxic fragrance chemicals in beauty, personal care and cleaning products. Breast Cancer Prevention Partners. https://www.bcpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/BCPP_Right-To-Know-Report_Secret-Toxic-Fragrance-Ingredients_9_26_2018.pdf

U.S. EPA. (2016, October). SAFER CHOICE Fragrance-Free [PDF]. EPA. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-10/documents/saferchoice-factsheet-fragrancefree_0.pdf. EPA 950-F-16-004

Stoiber, T. (2021, April 9). What Are Parabens, and Why Don’t They Belong in Cosmetics? Environmental Working Group. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.ewg.org/what-are-parabens

United Stated Food and Drug Administration. (2022, February 25). Parabens in Cosmetics. U.S. FDA. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/parabens-cosmetics

Sunderland, E. M., Hu, X. C., Dassuncao, C., Tokranov, A. K., Wagner, C. C., & Allen, J. G. (2018). A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 29(2), 131–147. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-018-0094-1

Fisher, M., Arbuckle, T. E., Liang, C. L., LeBlanc, A., Gaudreau, E., Foster, W. G., Haines, D., Davis, K., & Fraser, W. D. (2016). Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in maternal and cord blood from the maternal-infant research on environmental chemicals (MIREC) cohort study. Environmental Health, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-016-0143-y

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (n.d.). PFAS chemical exposure. ATSDR, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Retrieved June 13, 2022, from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/health-effects/exposure.html

Braun, J. M., Sathyanarayana, S., & Hauser, R. (2013). Phthalate exposure and children’s health. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 25(2), 247–254. https://doi.org/10.1097/mop.0b013e32835e1eb6

Strotmeyer, K. (2022, March 16). Study Finds Exposure to Phthalates May Increase Children’s Cancer Risk. University of Vermont. Larner College of Medicine. Retrieved June 14, 2022, from https://www.med.uvm.edu/com/news/2022/03/16/uvm_cancer_center_research_phthalates

López-Carrillo, L., Hernández-Ramírez, R. U., Calafat, A. M., Torres-Sánchez, L., Galván-Portillo, M., Needham, L. L., Ruiz-Ramos, R., & Cebrián, M. E. (2010). Exposure to Phthalates and Breast Cancer Risk in Northern Mexico. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(4), 539–544. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901091

Serrano, S. E., Braun, J., Trasande, L., Dills, R., & Sathyanarayana, S. (2014). Phthalates and diet: a review of the food monitoring and epidemiology data. Environmental Health, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069x-13-43

Center for Health, Environment & Justice. (n.d.). PVC Factsheet. Our Health & PVC: What’s the Connection? (https://chej.org/polyvinyl-chloride-pvc). https://chej.org/wp-content/uploads/Our%20Health%20and%20PVC-What’s%20the%20Connection%20-%20REP%20022.pdf

Center for Environmental Health, Autocase Economic Advisory, & Material Research L3C. (2022). Flooring’s Dirty Climate Secret. Center for Environmental Health. https://ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PVC-Report-5-5.pdf

QIMA. (n.d.). Toxic Toy Safety Regulations - PVC & Phthalates. QIMA. Retrieved June 2022, from https://www.qima.com/toy-safety-laboratory-testing

Lott, S. (2014). Phthalate-free Plasticizers in PVC. Healthy Building Network. https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/phthalate-free-plasticizers-in-pvc.pdf

Health Care Without Harm Europe. (2021, June). The polyvinyl chloride debate: Why PVC remains a problematic material. https://noharm-europe.org/sites/default/files/documents-files/6807/2021-06-23-PVC-briefing-FINAL.pdf

Chung, K. T. (2016). Azo dyes and human health: A review. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 34(4), 233–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1236602

Rovira, J., & Domingo, J. L. (2019). Human health risks due to exposure to inorganic and organic chemicals from textiles: A review. Environmental Research, 168, 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.027

Wolfe, I. (2021, October 18). Textile Dyes Pollution: The Truth About Fashion’s Toxic Colours. Good On You. Retrieved July 2022, from https://goodonyou.eco/textile-dyes-pollution/

Wicker, A. (2020, October 16). Just How Harmful are the Chemicals in Your Clothes? Harper’s BAZAAR. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/trends/a34206576/toxic-fashion-industry/

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2022, March 2). FDA Authority Over Cosmetics: How Cosmetics Are Not FDA-Approved, but Are FDA-Regulated. FDA. Retrieved July 5, 2022, from https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/fda-authority-over-cosmetics-how-cosmetics-are-not-fda-approved-are-fda-regulated

Campaign for Safe Cosmetics. (n.d.). Health Effects and Chemical of Concern. Campaign for Safe Cosmetics: A Project of Breast Cancer Prevention Partners. Retrieved May 23, 2022, from https://www.safecosmetics.org/fragrance-disclosure/learn-more/health-effects-chemical-concern/

Environmental Working Group. (n.d.). Personal Care Products Safety Act Would Improve Cosmetics Safety. EWG. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.ewg.org/personal-care-products-safety-act-would-improve-cosmetics-safety

Miraj, S. S., Parveen, N., & Zedan, H. S. (2019). Plastic microbeads: small yet mighty concerning. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 31(7), 788–804. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2019.1689233

Made Safe. (2021, July 20). Period Products: What’s in Them? Retrieved April 19, 2022, from https://www.madesafe.org/period-products-whats-in-them/

Borunda, A. (2019, September 6). How tampons and pads became unsustainable and filled with plastic. National Geographic. Retrieved April 19, 2022, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/how-tampons-pads-became-unsustainable-story-of-plastic

Scientific American. (2009, December 16). Wipe or Wash? Do Bidets Save Forest and Water Resources? Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/earth-talks-bidets/

Natural Resources Defense Council. (2019, August 26). Pledge to “Wipe Right” on National Toilet Paper Day. NRDC. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.nrdc.org/media/2019/190826

Swanson, S., & Leiba, N. (2020, December 10). EWG’s Healthy Living: Quick Tips to Safer Diapers. Environmental Working Group. Retrieved June 15, 2022, from https://www.ewg.org/research/guide-safer-diapers

Makoś-Chełstowska, P., Kurowska-Susdorf, A., & Płotka-Wasylka, J. (2021). Environmental problems and health risks with disposable baby diapers: Monitoring of toxic compounds by application of analytical techniques and need of education. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 143, 116408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2021.116408

Celeiro, M., Lamas, J. P., Garcia-Jares, C., & Llompart, M. (2015). Pressurized liquid extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of fragrance allergens, musks, phthalates and preservatives in baby wipes. Journal of Chromatography A, 1384, 9–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.049

Liou, Y. L., Ericson, M. E., & Warshaw, E. M. (2019). Formaldehyde Release From Baby Wipes: Analysis Using the Chromotropic Acid Method. Dermatitis, 30(3), 207–212. https://doi.org/10.1097/der.0000000000000478

Made Safe. (2021b, July 23). Toxic Chemicals Inside Baby and Household Wipes. Retrieved June 15, 2022, from https://www.madesafe.org/whats-in-that/wipes/

Khoo, S. C., Phang, X. Y., Ng, C. M., Lim, K. L., Lam, S. S., & Ma, N. L. (2019). Recent technologies for treatment and recycling of used disposable baby diapers. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 123, 116–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2018.12.016

Gilson, D., B., Butler, K., B., Whitford, B., Whitty, J., Butler, K., Yoder, K., Lanard, N., Weinberg, A., Andrews, B., Lanard, N., Shogren, E., Mogensen, J. F., & Breland, A. (2008, April 28). What’s Your Baby’s Carbon Footprint? Mother Jones. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2008/04/whats-your-babys-carbon-footprint/

Diaper Planner. (n.d.). DiaperPlanner.com - Diaper Calculator. Retrieved 2022, from http://www.diaperplanner.com/index.php#HowManyDiapers

Ajmeri, J., & Ajmeri, C. (2016). Developments in the use of nonwovens for disposable hygiene products. Advances in Technical Nonwovens, 473–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100575-0.00018-8

Rodriguez, K. J., Cunningham, C., Foxenberg, R., Hoffman, D., & Vongsa, R. (2020). The science behind wet wipes for infant skin: Ingredient review, safety, and efficacy. Pediatric Dermatology, 37(3), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14112

Thompson, T. (2021, September 22). Young people’s climate anxiety revealed in landmark survey. Nature. Retrieved February 2022, from https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02582-8?error=cookies_not_supported&code=18bb69c1-cf64-4afb-ac94-92b420bd8fa9

Statista. (2022a, March 1). Air travel frequency in U.S. 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2022, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/539473/airline-travelers-number-of-trips/

Kommenda, N. (2021, August 25). How your flight emits as much CO2 as many people do in a year. The Guardian. Retrieved June 20, 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2019/jul/19/carbon-calculator-how-taking-one-flight-emits-as-much-as-many-people-do-in-a-year

Tabuchi, H. (2019, September 21). ‘Worse Than Anyone Expected’: Air Travel Emissions Vastly Outpace Predictions. The New York Times. Retrieved June 20, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/19/climate/air-travel-emissions.html

Schlossberg, T. (2017, July 27). Flying Is Bad for the Planet. You Can Help Make It Better. The New York Times. Retrieved June 21, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/27/climate/airplane-pollution-global-warming.html

U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.-b). Gas Mileage Tips - Vehicle Maintenance. Retrieved June 2022, from https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/maintain.jsp

U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.-c). Save money and fuel by driving efficiently. Retrieved June 2022, from https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/driveHabits.jsp

Women’s Voices for the Earth. (n.d.). Slippery Slope: Potential Hazards of Lubricants for Vaginal Tissue. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.womensvoices.org/lubricants-womens-health/

Food.

Food Packaging.

Harvard Health. (2019, September 1). Ultra-processed foods linked to poor heart health. Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/ultra-processed-foods-linked-to-poor-heart-health

U.S. EPA. (2022g, June 22). Guide to the Facts and Figures Report about Materials, Waste and Recycling. EPA. Retrieved July 13, 2022, from https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/guide-facts-and-figures-report-about

Moss, E., Grousset, R., & The Overbrook Foundation. (2020, February). The Dirty Truth About Disposable Foodware. The Overbrook Foundation. Retrieved May 26, 2022, from https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5d696bc69fa6c2515873360a/5e618b692785ae55f96072f7_

Gilson, D., B., Butler, K., B., Whitford, B., Whitty, J., Butler, K., Yoder, K., Lanard, N., Weinberg, A., Andrews, B., Lanard, N., Shogren, E., Mogensen, J. F., & Breland, A. (2008, April 28). What’s Your Baby’s Carbon Footprint? Mother Jones. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2008/04/whats-your-babys-carbon-footprint/

What’s Your Source?

DeWeerdt, S. (2009). Is Local Food Better? World Watch Institute. https://www.organicconsumers.org/news/local-food-better

Very little of global food is transported by air; this greatly reduces the climate benefits of eating local. (2020, January 28). Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/food-transport-by-mode

Cuesa. (n.d.). How Far Does Your Food Travel to Get to Your Plate? Retrieved July 2021, from https://cuesa.org/learn/how-far-does-your-food-travel-get-your-plate

U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2022, March 17). Quick Facts. USDA. Economic Research Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Retrieved July 14, 2022, from https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-dollar-series/quick-facts/

Farmers Market Coalition in collaboration with USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. (n.d.). About Farmers Markets. Farmers Market Coalition. Retrieved July 2021, from https://farmersmarketcoalition.org/education/qanda/

Farmers Market Coalition. (n.d.). Farmers Markets Promote Sustainability. Retrieved July 2021, from https://farmersmarketcoalition.org/education/farmers-markets-promote-sustainability/

U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Organic 101. USDA. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/archive/tag/organic-101

Hyland, C., Bradman, A., Gerona, R., Patton, S., Zakharevich, I., Gunier, R. B., & Klein, K. (2019). Organic diet intervention significantly reduces urinary pesticide levels in U.S. children and adults. Environmental Research, 171, 568–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.024

Bouchard, M. F., Bellinger, D. C., Wright, R. O., & Weisskopf, M. G. (2010). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Pesticides. Pediatrics, 125(6), e1270–e1277. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-3058 

Rutgers University. (2015, January 29). Common pesticide may increase risk of ADHD. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 15, 2022 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150129125552.htm

Yan, D., Zhang, Y., Liu, L., & Yan, H. (2016). Pesticide exposure and risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32222

Roberts, B. C. (2020, August 27). Stop Eating Pesticides. Consumer Reports. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.consumerreports.org/pesticides-in-food/stop-eating-pesticides-a1094738355/

Environmental Working Group. (2022). Dirty Dozen Fruits and Vegetables with the Most Pesticides – EWGs 2022 Shopper’s Guide to Pesticides in Produce TM. EWG. Retrieved July 15, 2022, from https://www.ewg.org/foodnews/dirty-dozen.php

Thomas, G. & Environmental Working Group. (2020, March 25). Raisins: No. 1 on the Dirty Dozen List? EWG. Retrieved June 2021, from https://www.ewg.org/foodnews/raisins.php

Sánchez-Bayo, F., & Wyckhuys, K. A. (2019). Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers. Biological Conservation, 232, 8–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.020

Cardoso, P., Barton, P. S., Birkhofer, K., Chichorro, F., Deacon, C., Fartmann, T., Fukushima, C. S., Gaigher, R., Habel, J. C., Hallmann, C. A., Hill, M. R., Hochkirch, A., Kwak, M. L., Mammola, S., Noriega, J. A., Orfinger, A. B., Pedraza, F., Pryke, J. S., De Oliveira Roque, F., . . . Samways, M. J. (2020). Scientists’ warning to humanity on insect extinctions. Biological Conservation, 242, 108426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108426

United Nations., Convention on Biological Diversity, & Slow Food. (2019, May 22). UN Biodiversity Convention partners with Slow Food International in celebrating the International Day for Biological Diversity [Press release]. https://www.cbd.int/doc/press/2019/pr-2019-05-22-idb-en.pdf

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2018, February 10). Once neglected, these traditional crops are our new rising stars. Retrieved June 2021, from https://www.fao.org/fao-stories/article/en/c/1154584/

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